This guide describes how to create a sample MicroProfile (MP) project that can be used to run some basic examples using both built-in and custom health checks with Helidon MP.

What You Need

For this 15 minute tutorial, you will need the following:

Table 1. Prerequisite product versions for Helidon 4.3.0-SNAPSHOT

Java SE 21 (Open JDK 21)

Helidon requires Java 21+ (25+ recommended).

Maven 3.8+

Helidon requires Maven 3.8+.

Docker 18.09+

If you want to build and run Docker containers.

Kubectl 1.16.5+

If you want to deploy to Kubernetes, you need kubectl and a Kubernetes cluster (you can install one on your desktop.
Verify Prerequisites
java -version
mvn --version
docker --version
kubectl version
Setting JAVA_HOME
# On Mac
export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 21`

# On Linux
# Use the appropriate path to your JDK
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-21

Create a Sample MP Project

Generate the project sources using the Helidon MP Maven archetype. The result is a simple project that can be used for the examples in this guide.

Run the Maven archetype:
mvn -U archetype:generate -DinteractiveMode=false \
    -DarchetypeGroupId=io.helidon.archetypes \
    -DarchetypeArtifactId=helidon-quickstart-mp \
    -DarchetypeVersion=4.3.0-SNAPSHOT \
    -DgroupId=io.helidon.examples \
    -DartifactId=helidon-quickstart-mp \
    -Dpackage=io.helidon.examples.quickstart.mp

Using the Built-In Health Checks

Helidon has a set of built-in health checks:

  • deadlock detection

  • available disk space

  • available heap memory

The following example will demonstrate how to use the built-in health checks. These examples are all executed from the root directory of your project (helidon-quickstart-mp).

Include dependency for the built-in health checks
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.helidon.health</groupId>
    <artifactId>helidon-health-checks</artifactId>
</dependency>
Build the application then run it:
mvn package
java -jar target/helidon-quickstart-mp.jar
Verify the health endpoint in a new terminal window:
curl http://localhost:8080/health
JSON response:
{
  "status": "UP",
  "checks": [
    {
      "name": "deadlock",
      "status": "UP"
    },
    {
      "name": "diskSpace",
      "status": "UP",
      "data": {
        "free": "325.54 GB",
        "freeBytes": 349543358464,
        "percentFree": "69.91%",
        "total": "465.63 GB",
        "totalBytes": 499963174912
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "heapMemory",
      "status": "UP",
      "data": {
        "free": "230.87 MB",
        "freeBytes": 242085696,
        "max": "3.56 GB",
        "maxBytes": 3817865216,
        "percentFree": "98.90%",
        "total": "271.00 MB",
        "totalBytes": 284164096
      }
    }
  ]
}

Custom Liveness Health Checks

You can create application-specific custom health checks and integrate them with Helidon using CDI. The following example shows how to add a custom liveness health check.

Create a new GreetLivenessCheck class with the following content:
@Liveness // (1)
@ApplicationScoped // (2)
public class GreetLivenessCheck implements HealthCheck {

    @Override
    public HealthCheckResponse call() {
        return HealthCheckResponse.named("LivenessCheck")  // (3)
                .up()
                .withData("time", System.currentTimeMillis())
                .build();
    }
}

  1. Annotation indicating this is a liveness health check.

  2. Annotation indicating there is a single liveness HealthCheck object during the lifetime of the application.

  3. Build the HealthCheckResponse with status UP and the current time.

Build and run the application, then verify the custom liveness health endpoint
curl http://localhost:8080/health/live
JSON response:
{
  "status": "UP",
  "checks": [
    {
      "name": "LivenessCheck",
      "status": "UP",
      "data": {
        "time": 1566338255331
      }
    }
  ]
}

Custom Readiness Health Checks

You can add a readiness check to indicate that the application is ready to be used. In this example, the server will wait five seconds before it becomes ready.

Create a new GreetReadinessCheck class with the following content:
@Readiness // (1)
@ApplicationScoped
public class GreetReadinessCheck implements HealthCheck {
    private final AtomicLong readyTime = new AtomicLong(0);

    @Override
    public HealthCheckResponse call() {
        return HealthCheckResponse.named("ReadinessCheck")  // (2)
                .status(isReady())
                .withData("time", readyTime.get())
                .build();
    }

    public void onStartUp(
            @Observes @Initialized(ApplicationScoped.class) Object init) {
        readyTime.set(System.currentTimeMillis()); // (3)
    }

    /**
     * Become ready after 5 seconds
     *
     * @return true if application ready
     */
    private boolean isReady() {
        return Duration.ofMillis(System.currentTimeMillis() - readyTime.get()).getSeconds() >= 5;
    }
}

  1. Annotation indicating that this is a readiness health check.

  2. Build the HealthCheckResponse with status UP after five seconds, else DOWN.

  3. Record the time at startup.

Build and run the application. Issue the curl command with -v within five seconds, and you will see that the application is not ready:
curl -v  http://localhost:8080/health/ready
HTTP response status
< HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable // (1)

  1. The HTTP status is 503 since the application is not ready.

Response body
{
  "status": "DOWN",
  "checks": [
    {
      "name": "ReadinessCheck",
      "status": "DOWN",
      "data": {
        "time": 1566399775700
      }
    }
  ]
}
After five seconds you will see the application is ready:
curl -v http://localhost:8080/health/ready
HTTP response status
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK // (1)

  1. The HTTP status is 200 indicating that the application is ready.

Response body
{
  "status": "UP",
  "checks": [
    {
      "name": "ReadinessCheck",
      "status": "UP",
      "data": {
        "time": 1566399775700
      }
    }
  ]
}

Custom Startup Health Checks

You can add a startup check to indicate if the application is initialized to the point that the other health checks make sense. In this example, the server will wait eight seconds before it declares itself started.

Create a new GreetStartedCheck class with the following content:
@Startup // (1)
@ApplicationScoped
public class GreetStartedCheck implements HealthCheck {
    private final AtomicLong readyTime = new AtomicLong(0);

    @Override
    public HealthCheckResponse call() {
        return HealthCheckResponse.named("StartedCheck")  // (2)
                .status(isStarted())
                .withData("time", readyTime.get())
                .build();
    }

    public void onStartUp(
            @Observes @Initialized(ApplicationScoped.class) Object init) {
        readyTime.set(System.currentTimeMillis()); // (3)
    }

    /**
     * Become ready after 5 seconds
     *
     * @return true if application ready
     */
    private boolean isStarted() {
        return Duration.ofMillis(System.currentTimeMillis() - readyTime.get()).getSeconds() >= 8;
    }
}

  1. Annotation indicating that this is a startup health check.

  2. Build the HealthCheckResponse with status UP after eight seconds, else DOWN.

  3. Record the time at startup of Helidon; the application will declare itself as started eight seconds later.

Build and run the application. Issue the curl command with -v within five seconds, and you will see that the application has not yet started:
curl -v  http://localhost:8080/health/started
HTTP response status
< HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable // (1)

  1. The HTTP status is 503 since the application has not started.

Response body
{
  "status": "DOWN",
  "checks": [
    {
      "name": "StartedCheck",
      "status": "DOWN",
      "data": {
        "time": 1566399775700
      }
    }
  ]
}
After eight seconds you will see the application has started:
curl -v http://localhost:8080/health/started
HTTP response status
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK // (1)

  1. The HTTP status is 200 indicating that the application is started.

Response body
{
  "status": "UP",
  "checks": [
    {
      "name": "StartedCheck",
      "status": "UP",
      "data": {
        "time": 1566399775700
      }
    }
  ]
}

When using the health check URLs, you can get the following health check data:

Get all the health check data, including custom data:
curl http://localhost:8080/health
JSON response:
{
  "status": "UP",
  "checks": [
    {
      "name": "LivenessCheck",
      "status": "UP",
      "data": {
        "time": 1566403431536
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "ReadinessCheck",
      "status": "UP",
      "data": {
        "time": 1566403280639
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "StartedCheck",
      "status": "UP",
      "data": {
        "time": 1566403280639
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "deadlock",
      "state": "UP",
      "status": "UP"
    },
    {
      "name": "diskSpace",
      "state": "UP",
      "status": "UP",
      "data": {
        "free": "325.50 GB",
        "freeBytes": 349500698624,
        "percentFree": "69.91%",
        "total": "465.63 GB",
        "totalBytes": 499963174912
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "heapMemory",
      "state": "UP",
      "status": "UP",
      "data": {
        "free": "231.01 MB",
        "freeBytes": 242235928,
        "max": "3.56 GB",
        "maxBytes": 3817865216,
        "percentFree": "98.79%",
        "total": "275.00 MB",
        "totalBytes": 288358400
      }
    }
  ]
}

Custom Health Root Path and Port

You can specify a custom port and root context for the root health endpoint path. However, you cannot use different ports, such as http://localhost:8080/myhealth and http://localhost:8081/myhealth/live. Likewise, you cannot use different paths, such as http://localhost:8080/health and http://localhost:8080/probe/live.

The example below will change the root path.

Create a file named application.yaml in the resources directory with the following contents:
health:
  endpoint: "/myhealth" # (1)

  1. The endpoint settings specifies the root path for the health endpoint.

Build and run the application, then verify that the health endpoint is using the new /myhealth root:
curl http://localhost:8080/myhealth
curl http://localhost:8080/myhealth/live
curl http://localhost:8080/myhealth/ready
curl http://localhost:8080/myhealth/started

The following example will change the root path and the health port.

Update application.yaml to use a different port and root path for the health endpoint:
server:
  port: 8080 # (1)
  sockets:
    - name: "admin" # (2)
      port: 8081 # (3)
  features:
    observe:
      sockets: "admin" # (4)
health:
  endpoint: "/myhealth" # (5)

  1. The default port for the application.

  2. The name of the new socket, it can be any name, this example uses admin.

  3. The port for the admin socket.

  4. The health endpoint, as part of Helidon’s observability support, uses the socket admin.

Build and run the application, then verify the health endpoint using port 8081 and /myhealth:
curl http://localhost:8081/myhealth
curl http://localhost:8081/myhealth/live
curl http://localhost:8081/myhealth/ready
curl http://localhost:8081/myhealth/started

Using Liveness, Readiness, and Startup Health Checks with Kubernetes

The following example shows how to integrate the Helidon health check API with an application that implements health endpoints for the Kubernetes liveness, readiness, and startup probes.

Delete the contents of application.yaml so that the default health endpoint path and port are used.

Rebuild and start the application, then verify the health endpoint:
curl http://localhost:8080/health
Stop the application and build the docker image:
docker build -t helidon-quickstart-mp .
Create the Kubernetes YAML specification, named health.yaml, with the following content:
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: helidon-health # (1)
  labels:
    app: helidon-health
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    app: helidon-health
  ports:
    - port: 8080
      targetPort: 8080
      name: http
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  name: helidon-health # (2)
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: helidon-health
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: helidon-health
        version: v1
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: helidon-health
          image: helidon-quickstart-mp
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8080
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /health/live # (3)
              port: 8080
            initialDelaySeconds: 5 # (4)
            periodSeconds: 10
            timeoutSeconds: 3
            failureThreshold: 3
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /health/ready # (5)
              port: 8080
            initialDelaySeconds: 5 # (6)
            periodSeconds: 2
            timeoutSeconds: 3
          startupProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /health/started # (7)
              port: 8080
            initialDelaySeconds: 8 # (8)
            periodSeconds: 10
            timeoutSeconds: 3
            failureThreshold: 3
---

  1. A service of type NodePort that serves the default routes on port 8080.

  2. A deployment with one replica of a pod.

  3. The HTTP endpoint for the liveness probe.

  4. The liveness probe configuration.

  5. The HTTP endpoint for the readiness probe.

  6. The readiness probe configuration.

  7. The HTTP endpoint for the startup probe.

  8. The startup probe configuration.

Create and deploy the application into Kubernetes:
kubectl apply -f ./health.yaml
Get the service information:
kubectl get service/helidon-health
NAME             TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
helidon-health   NodePort   10.107.226.62   <none>        8080:30116/TCP   4s # (1)

  1. A service of type NodePort that serves the default routes on port 30116.

Verify the health endpoints using port '30116', your port may be different. The JSON response will be the same as your previous test:
curl http://localhost:30116/health
Delete the application, cleaning up Kubernetes resources:
kubectl delete -f ./health.yaml

Summary

This guide demonstrated how to use health checks in a Helidon MP application as follows:

  • Access the default health checks

  • Create and use custom readiness, liveness, and startup checks

  • Customize the health check root path and port

  • Integrate Helidon health check API with Kubernetes

Refer to the following references for additional information: